SOL 11a League of Nations and the Mandate System
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After World War I, international organizations and agreements were established to avoid future conflicts
The mandate system
· During WWI, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves. · After the war, the “mandate system” gave Great Britain and France control over the lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and Lebanon (French controlled). · The division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system planted the seeds for future conflicts in the Middle East. |
SOL 11b Worldwide Depression
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A period of uneven prosperity in the decade following WWI (the 1920s) was followed by worldwide depression in the 1930s. Depression weakened Western democracies, making it difficult for them to challenge the threat of totalitarianism.
Causes of worldwide depression
· German reparations: Treaty of Versailles blamed Germany, $300 Billion · Expansion of production capacities and dominance of the United States in the global economy: When the US falls, everyone else does too · High protective tariffs: one country raises tariffs which causes another, etc. · Excessive expansion of credit · Stock Market Crash of 1929 |
Impact of worldwide depression
· High unemployment in industrial countries (no one is buying so no one can afford workers) · Bank failures and collapse of credit · Collapse of prices in world trade · Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s blame of European Jews for economic collapse |
SOL 11c Rise of Dictators
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Main Ideas
Economic disruptions following World War I led to unstable political conditions. Worldwide depression in the 1930s provided opportunities for the rise of dictators in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
A communist dictatorship was established by Vladimir Lenin and continued by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union.
The Treaty of Versailles worsened economic and political conditions in Europe and led to the rise of totalitarian regimes in Italy and Germany.
Japan emerged as a world power after World War I and conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia.
Economic disruptions following World War I led to unstable political conditions. Worldwide depression in the 1930s provided opportunities for the rise of dictators in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
A communist dictatorship was established by Vladimir Lenin and continued by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union.
The Treaty of Versailles worsened economic and political conditions in Europe and led to the rise of totalitarian regimes in Italy and Germany.
Japan emerged as a world power after World War I and conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia.
U.S.S.R. during the Interwar Period — Joseph Stalin
· Entrenchment of communism Stalin abandoned Lenin's NEP. He wanted all communism, all the time. · Stalin’s policies: Five-year plans, collectivization of farms, state industrialization, secret police Stalin set goals for society. n He took away all individual farms left in the NEP. He forced all farmers to give up their land and be part of large state farms (collectivization). Those who resisted died. The government also took over all industry and was to move forward and be advanced in 5 years or less. He used secret police to kill those who might thwart him or even just doubt him. · Great Purge The USSR under Stalin had mas killings. The Great Purge was Stalin's massacre of those who opposed him or might have enough power to cause trouble for him. They were given trials that were not just and tortured or threatened into confessing. Death was a one sentence or one might end up in "gulags",work prisons. |
Germany during the Interwar Period — Adolf Hitler
· Inflation and depression The terrible economy from reparations and the depression helped Hitler gain more popularity than he could have on his own. · Democratic government weakened Bad economics always opens unhappiness and malcontent that causes democracy to weaken and look for other answers. · Anti-Semitism Hitler blamed the economic issues on the Jews. Anti-Semitism is hatred of Jews. · Extreme nationalism Hitler told the Germans it was not their fault things were terrible. He told them they were the Greatest Race. · National Socialism (Nazism) Hitler's political party · German occupation of nearby countries Hitler managed through appeasement to take the Sudetenland, the Rhineland, and Czechoslovakia without any Allies intervening. This encouraged the idea the Germans were the best and showed success Hitler could use to make hmilself more popular. |
Italy during the Interwar Period — Benito Mussolini
· Rise of fascism Mussolini is the creator of fascism. In fact Hitler looked up him to in the early days. · Ambition to restore the glory of Rome He claimed to make Italy as great as ancient Rome and make the Med Sea the "Roman Lake" again. · Invasion of Ethiopia This was Italy's first invasion of the war. Italy has tried previously to take Ethiopia and failed. This time they were prepared. |
Japan during the Interwar Period — Hirohito and Hideki Tojo
· Militarism Tojo ran the military. As General, he was the power. Remember Hirohito as emperor was more ceremonial. · Industrialization of Japan, leading to drive for raw materials Japan is an archipelago. Raw materials are scarce so Japan started invading and taking. · Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China Manchuria is the northern part of China. |