4 River Valley (2 will be discussed in SOL 4)
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The City States of Mesopotamia
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wh_1.3_meso_cheat_sheet.pdf | |
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Mesopotamia is the "land between the rivers". Specifically, the Tigris and the Euphrates. Sadly the rivers were not always predictable. Notice the names on the map. They are examples of the many city states that made up Mesopotamia. These were usually headed by religious leaders (theocracy). There was slavery but it was not based on race.
Use the map. Today this area is called Iraq. Can you identify any natural features that might help keep Mesopotamia safe?
Use the map. Today this area is called Iraq. Can you identify any natural features that might help keep Mesopotamia safe?
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Hammurabi, king of Babylon (a Mesopotamian city- state) made one of the world's first law code.
It is known for its famous "an eye for an eye". It dealt swift justice but to be fair, if one rich they could pay a fine rather than be punished. It contained 282 laws and was carved into huge nine feet stones to be displayed for the public. Some Examples |
People of the Nile: Egypt and Kush/Nubia
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Ancient Egypt
Egypt is called the "gift of the Nile". Most of the country is desert. Without the Nile River, Egypt would not be able to exist. The Nile is very regular and could be depended on regularly to flood at certain unlike the Tigris and Euphrates.
Egypt is the top of the Nile as you look at the map. However this is called the "lower Nile" as it flows south (all rivers in the US flow north).
Egypt is called the "gift of the Nile". Most of the country is desert. Without the Nile River, Egypt would not be able to exist. The Nile is very regular and could be depended on regularly to flood at certain unlike the Tigris and Euphrates.
Egypt is the top of the Nile as you look at the map. However this is called the "lower Nile" as it flows south (all rivers in the US flow north).
Egypt's pyramids were used as burial chambers for pharaohs. It was used to usher them and their belongs into the afterlife.
Pharaohs were considered gods and rulers (theocracy). Egypt was also polytheistic (many gods). The pharaoh was thought to be a living incarnation of one. Heiroglyphics were the Egyptian form of writing. A "glyph" is like a picture. We were unable to understand the heiroglyphics until the Rosetta Stone was found which had heiroglyphics, demotic (common Egyptian language) and Greek on it. |
Poly vs. Mono
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polytheism - the belief in many gods
most early civilizations were polythestic, the include: Mesopotamians, Egyptians, the Nubians/Kush, Babylonians. etc.
most early civilizations were polythestic, the include: Mesopotamians, Egyptians, the Nubians/Kush, Babylonians. etc.
monotheism - the belief in one God
The first monotheistic religion is Judaism.
Out of Judaism comes the other 2 main monotheistic religions: Christianity & Islam.
Zoroastrianism is also considered mono.
The first monotheistic religion is Judaism.
Out of Judaism comes the other 2 main monotheistic religions: Christianity & Islam.
Zoroastrianism is also considered mono.
People of the Med: Jewish Religion and Phonecians
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This maps shows 2 important civilizations.
In pink is Phoencia. Phoencia was a powerful trading empire. It made incredible boats and it had many colonies. It trades as far away as England. One colony will be made famous one day in fights with Rome. It was called Carthage.
Phoencia also gave us an important contribution called the Phoenetic alphabet - the one we use today.
In green and yellow, you can see the area of the Hebrews. The Hebrews are the world's first monotheistic religion. They started Judaism from which Christianity and Islam come.
In pink is Phoencia. Phoencia was a powerful trading empire. It made incredible boats and it had many colonies. It trades as far away as England. One colony will be made famous one day in fights with Rome. It was called Carthage.
Phoencia also gave us an important contribution called the Phoenetic alphabet - the one we use today.
In green and yellow, you can see the area of the Hebrews. The Hebrews are the world's first monotheistic religion. They started Judaism from which Christianity and Islam come.
The Jewish diaspora is the scattering of the Jewish people. When the Babylonians took over the lands of Israel and Canaan, they burnt the Jewish temple and the Jewish people were forced to scatter (exiled or forced out).
The Romans would continue to scatter the Jews further from their homeland. Please see the map. You can see Jerusalem as the Jewish homeland and the movement of the Jewish people over time.
The Romans would continue to scatter the Jews further from their homeland. Please see the map. You can see Jerusalem as the Jewish homeland and the movement of the Jewish people over time.
Also....
This time period was also the beginning of iron and bronze tools and weapons.
The was also a time of better tools, plows, and irrigation. This meant there was an agricultural surplus or extra food. This meant the population could grow and people could settle into cities and specialize in labor.