SOL 4a Reasons and Explorers
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The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade.
God, Gold, and Glory...version 2.0
Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe (gold)
Support for the diffusion of Christianity (God)
Political and economic competition between European empires (glory)
Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts (the rebooted version)
Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe (gold)
Support for the diffusion of Christianity (God)
Political and economic competition between European empires (glory)
Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts (the rebooted version)
Important People
Prince Henry The Navigator
Country: Portugal
Accomplishments: Henry was not an explorer, He created a school for explorers and helped furnish explorers with their equipment and funds.
Country: Portugal
Accomplishments: Henry was not an explorer, He created a school for explorers and helped furnish explorers with their equipment and funds.
Vasco de Gama
Country: Portugal
Accomplishments: De Gama was the 1st European to reach India by sea. He went around the Cape of Good Hope (the bottom of Africa). If Europe was to avoid Constantinople, this was the way.
Country: Portugal
Accomplishments: De Gama was the 1st European to reach India by sea. He went around the Cape of Good Hope (the bottom of Africa). If Europe was to avoid Constantinople, this was the way.
Christopher Columbus
Country: Spain (Italian by birth)
Accomplishments: Columbus is credited with "discovering" the Americas. He was not fully aware of the impact he would have on history. He opened the way for the Americas to be explored and colonized. The exchange of ideas and goods, "Columbian Exchange", bears his name.
Country: Spain (Italian by birth)
Accomplishments: Columbus is credited with "discovering" the Americas. He was not fully aware of the impact he would have on history. He opened the way for the Americas to be explored and colonized. The exchange of ideas and goods, "Columbian Exchange", bears his name.
Ferdinand Magellan
Country: Spain (Portuguese by birth)
Accomplishments: Magellan's crew was the 1st to circumnavigate the globe. This ended those nasty "flat Earth" rumors! Sadly, Magellan did not make it with the ship. He was killed by natives in the Philippines.
Country: Spain (Portuguese by birth)
Accomplishments: Magellan's crew was the 1st to circumnavigate the globe. This ended those nasty "flat Earth" rumors! Sadly, Magellan did not make it with the ship. He was killed by natives in the Philippines.
Hernando Cortes
Country: Spain
Accomplishments: Conquistador, Cortes brought about the demise of the Aztec people. He is helped bring forced slavery (which will help lead to African slavery) of the natives, forced conversions, and the general pillaging of resources. Randomly, he found and named California.
Country: Spain
Accomplishments: Conquistador, Cortes brought about the demise of the Aztec people. He is helped bring forced slavery (which will help lead to African slavery) of the natives, forced conversions, and the general pillaging of resources. Randomly, he found and named California.
Francisco Pizarro
Country: Spain
Accomplishments: Conquistador. Pizarro saw Cortes success and riches against the Aztecs. Looking to copy that success, Pizarro brought down the Incans. He was actually offered their golds and riches in return for peace. He took the offering and then slaughtered and conquered the Incans anyways.
Country: Spain
Accomplishments: Conquistador. Pizarro saw Cortes success and riches against the Aztecs. Looking to copy that success, Pizarro brought down the Incans. He was actually offered their golds and riches in return for peace. He took the offering and then slaughtered and conquered the Incans anyways.
Sir Francis Drake
Country: England
Accomplishment: Sea Dog, Very very popular in the Elizabethian Court, helped bring down the Spanish Aramada, was a "privateer" (essentially a government approved pirate on other country's ships), and as exploration goes: 2nd person to circumnavigate the globe, 1st Englishman
Country: England
Accomplishment: Sea Dog, Very very popular in the Elizabethian Court, helped bring down the Spanish Aramada, was a "privateer" (essentially a government approved pirate on other country's ships), and as exploration goes: 2nd person to circumnavigate the globe, 1st Englishman
Jacques Cartier
Country: France
Accomplishments: laid claim to the St. Lawrence Seaway. He gave Canada its name and laid the foundations for other French explorers (such as Champlain, etc).
Country: France
Accomplishments: laid claim to the St. Lawrence Seaway. He gave Canada its name and laid the foundations for other French explorers (such as Champlain, etc).
SOL 4b Christianity and Exploration
- Migration of colonists to new lands (settlers bringing their religion)
- Influence of Catholic and Protestant colonists, who carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands (Reformation competition in the New World)
- Conversion of indigenous peoples (sometimes voluntary, sometimes forced)
Look at the map. Central and South America carry the heritage of the countries that settled them. Mostly Spanish (except Brazil) languages and the Spanish Religion: Catholics.
In North America, the primary settlement winner was England so their is a greater mix of Protestant religions.
SOL 4c Americas, Africa, Asia Patterns of Exploration
Americas
· Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America
· Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires (by Spanish Conquistadors)
· Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
· Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved (Replaced Natives who died from disease and mistreatment)
· Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries (language, gov't, religion)
· Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires (by Spanish Conquistadors)
· Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
· Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved (Replaced Natives who died from disease and mistreatment)
· Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries (language, gov't, religion)
Latin American Class System
Peninsulares - born in Spain or Europe
Creoles - Parents are both Spanish, born in New World
Mestizo/Mulattoes - Mixed of Spanish and Native or African parent
Peninsulares - born in Spain or Europe
Creoles - Parents are both Spanish, born in New World
Mestizo/Mulattoes - Mixed of Spanish and Native or African parent
Africa
· European trading posts along the coast
· Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources
Europeans did not generally go into the continent. Instead they trading with tribes and kings on the coast. These tribes would trade prisoners of other tribes or gather them to sell as slaves.
· Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources
Europeans did not generally go into the continent. Instead they trading with tribes and kings on the coast. These tribes would trade prisoners of other tribes or gather them to sell as slaves.
Asia
Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)
Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)
SOL 4d Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
· Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles.
· European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
· European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
· Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.
· Slavery was based on race.
· European plantation system in the Caribbean & Americas destroyed indigenous economics & damaged the environment.
· Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles.
· European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
· European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
· Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.
· Slavery was based on race.
· European plantation system in the Caribbean & Americas destroyed indigenous economics & damaged the environment.
SOL 4ef Triangular Trade and Precious Metals
Export of precious metals
Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia
Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas (made into slaves and treated terribly)
Impact on Spain and international trade (Spain went through crazy inflation and ruined their economy from too much silver!)
Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia
Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas (made into slaves and treated terribly)
Impact on Spain and international trade (Spain went through crazy inflation and ruined their economy from too much silver!)
SOL 5e Commericial Revolution (w/mercantilism)
mercantilism: An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
Commercial Revolution
· European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources.
· A new economic system emerged:
– New money and banking systems were created.
– Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved.
Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.
· European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources.
· A new economic system emerged:
– New money and banking systems were created.
– Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved.
Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.