SOL 10ab WWI and its Aftermath
|
|
World War I (1914-1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European and American life, wrecked the economies of Europe, and planted the seeds for a second world war.
Causes of World War I
· Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps Central Powers Vs. Allied
· Nationalistic feelings - late forming countries, uprisings, and French Rev. left overs
· Diplomatic failures - Nicky, Willy letters
· Imperialism
· Competition over colonies - especially for late forming countries like Germany and Italy)
· Militarism - build up of weapons
· Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps Central Powers Vs. Allied
· Nationalistic feelings - late forming countries, uprisings, and French Rev. left overs
· Diplomatic failures - Nicky, Willy letters
· Imperialism
· Competition over colonies - especially for late forming countries like Germany and Italy)
· Militarism - build up of weapons
Outcomes and global effect
· Colonies’ participation in the war, which increased demands for independence
Colonists fought for the mother country as soldiers, factory workers, etc. It seemed very reasonable to them to be treated as equals or to earn their freedom.
· End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires
Russia will go from czar to communism.
Ottoman as a loser will lose lands in the Middle East to the mandate system and become Turkey.
Germany will lose land and take most of the blame.
Austro-Hungarian empire will be divided up/
· Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption
Europe was in ruins and had essentially lost a whole generation of men.
· Colonies’ participation in the war, which increased demands for independence
Colonists fought for the mother country as soldiers, factory workers, etc. It seemed very reasonable to them to be treated as equals or to earn their freedom.
· End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires
Russia will go from czar to communism.
Ottoman as a loser will lose lands in the Middle East to the mandate system and become Turkey.
Germany will lose land and take most of the blame.
Austro-Hungarian empire will be divided up/
· Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption
Europe was in ruins and had essentially lost a whole generation of men.
SOL 10c Russian Revolution
|
|
Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Tsar. Inadequate administration in World War I led to revolution and an unsuccessful provisional government. A second revolution by the Bolsheviks created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R.
Causes of 1917 revolutions
· Defeat in war with Japan in 1905 - it was an embarassment, little Japan beating huge Russia · Landless peasantry - people without their own land or houses · Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II - his wife's obsession with Rasputin hurt as well · Military defeats and high casualties in World War I - Russia was very far behind other countries' technology |
Rise of communism
· Bolshevik Revolution and civil war
· Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy - the NEP allowed for minor capitalism
· Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor - Stalin wanted full and total communism
· Bolshevik Revolution and civil war
· Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy - the NEP allowed for minor capitalism
· Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor - Stalin wanted full and total communism