SOL 13ab Cold War
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Competition between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. laid the foundation for the Cold War.
Beginning of the Cold War (1945–1948) · The Yalta Conference and the Soviet control of Eastern Europe Yalta Conference was held by the Allies. In it, the Soviet laid outtheir plans for Eastern Europe and Germany was discussed. · Rivalry between the United States and the U.S.S.R. · Democracy and the free enterprise system vs. dictatorship and communism US: Democracy & free enterprise; Soviets: dictatorship & communism · President Truman and the Policy of Containment Containment: the US would stop the spread of communism (would not go into already communist states) · Eastern Europe: Soviet satellite nations, the Iron Curtain Churchill used the phrase the "Iran Curtain" to describe the split between western Europe and Soviet Eastern Europe |
e Cold War influenced the policies of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. towards other nations and conflicts around the world.
The presence of nuclear weapons has influenced patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945. Characteristics of the Cold War (1948–1989) · North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact Cooperation or Conflict or both? NATO is the US and western Europe, Warsaw is the Soviets and Eastern Europe · Korean War Cooperation or Conflict or both? Communist North Korea invaded South Korea. The US backed the South and Communist China backed the communist North. Korea ends in a stalemate. Nukes were considered and rejected. Korea is technically still at war. · Vietnam War Cooperation or Conflict or both? North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam. It was a French colony and after they fail, the US steps into stop Northern communism from spreading to the south. Vietnam ends in a cease fire. The Communist north invades the South and now it is one communist country. · Berlin and significance of Berlin Wall Cooperation or Conflict or both? Berlin was inside of Soviet controlled East Germany. Through the center of the city was the Berlin Wall. It separated the Soviet communist side from the democratic free side. The wall was a symbol, almost like a miniature Iron Curtain. The Soviets attempted to isolate the city and starve the western side. It resulted in the US making its largest airlift effort to drop supplies in the city. · Cuban Missile Crisis Cooperation or Conflict or both? US planes spotted the Soviets bringing in missiles to communist Cuba. Cuba is only 90 miles away from the US coast. JFK responded with a blockade; the placing of war ships to prevent more missiles from entering. Eventually Soviet premier Khrushchev and JFK compromised to remove the missiles in Cuba. In exchange the US would remove missiles in Turkey. · Nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence Cooperation or Conflict or both? deterrence - the enemy will not use nuclear weapons as long there are enough to assure the world will be destroyed |
Communism failed as an economic system in the Soviet Union and elsewhere.
Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe · Soviet economic collapse Behind the Iron Curtain, communism in the USSR was leaving families starving and destitute. The Soviet Union tried to keep up with US spending on arms and technology and went broke. · Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries Countries in the Eastern Bloc or Soviet Satellites began to want freedom to make their own choices and form their own identity without Soviet influence. · Tearing down of Berlin Wall As the Berlin Wall was the symbol of communism, when it was torn down it was the symbol of thee end of communism. · Breakup of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union returned to being Russia and 15 new Soviet successor states. · Expansion of NATO The Warsaw Pact ended but NATO still exists today with more member countries. |
SOL 13c China's Communist Revolution
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MAIN IDEAS
Japanese occupation of European colonies in Asia heightened demands for independence after World War II.
After World War II, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. This policy included the development of regional alliances against Soviet and Chinese aggression. The Cold War led to armed conflict in Korea and Vietnam.
containment: A policy for preventing the expansion of communism
Japanese occupation of European colonies in Asia heightened demands for independence after World War II.
After World War II, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. This policy included the development of regional alliances against Soviet and Chinese aggression. The Cold War led to armed conflict in Korea and Vietnam.
containment: A policy for preventing the expansion of communism
Conflicts and revolutionary movements in China
· Division of China into two nations at the end of the Chinese civil war North and South · Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi): Nationalist China (island of Taiwan) Kai-shek was supported by the US. He was forced out of mainland China to Taiwan. · Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong): Communist China (mainland China) Zedong led the communist revolution in China. · Continuing conflict between the two Chinas Not surprisingly Taiwan ans China are not besties. · Communist China’s participation in Korean War China supported North Korea (both are communist). |
Conflicts and revolutionary movements in Vietnam
· Role of French Imperialism The French owned Vietnam as a colony, · Leadership of Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh drove out the French and led communist northern Vietnam · Vietnam as a divided nation The UN separated Vietnam into a North and South. · Influence of policy of containment Containment meant that the US should stop the north from spreading communism to the south. · The United States and the Vietnam War The US tried to prevent the spread of communism and the Domino Theory. · Vietnam as a reunited communist country today The US left with a ceasefire. North Vietnam invaded the south and made it one country. |
SOL 13d Cold War Leaders
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World leaders made major contributions to events in the second half of the twentieth century.
Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady
· British prime minister
· Free trade and less government regulation of business
· Close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy
· Assertion of United Kingdom’s military power
· British prime minister
· Free trade and less government regulation of business
· Close relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policy
· Assertion of United Kingdom’s military power