SOL 14a Indian Decolonization
indian_independence_organizer_complete.pdf | |
File Size: | 221 kb |
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British policies and India’s demand for self-rule led to the rise of the Indian independence movement, resulting in the creation of new states in the Indian sub-continent. The Republic of India, a democratic nation, developed after the country gained independence.
Evolution of the Indian independence movement
· British rule in India
Remember the British East India Company? The royal government took control.
· Indian National Congress
First nationalist party, spread nationalist ideas, split over religious ideals
· Leadership of Mohandas Gandhi
He's monumental. MLK, Jr. used his examples.
· Role of civil disobedience and passive resistance
Civil disobedience - not following unjust laws (in the US an example was sit ins at lunch counters, Gandhi's famous examples include the Salt March)
Passive Resistance - peacefully fighting (in US boycotts, marches, Gandhi's boycotts, wear traditional garb)
· Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines — Pakistan/India
Most of India was Hindu, parts were Muslim from the Mughals, East and West Pakistan were created to be a Muslim state. Eventually they split and became Pakistan and Bengal.
· Republic of India
– World’s largest democratic nation (think of the huge population!)
– Federal system, giving many powers to the states (both the US and India were owned by England. It's not that odd they are both federal too!)
· British rule in India
Remember the British East India Company? The royal government took control.
· Indian National Congress
First nationalist party, spread nationalist ideas, split over religious ideals
· Leadership of Mohandas Gandhi
He's monumental. MLK, Jr. used his examples.
· Role of civil disobedience and passive resistance
Civil disobedience - not following unjust laws (in the US an example was sit ins at lunch counters, Gandhi's famous examples include the Salt March)
Passive Resistance - peacefully fighting (in US boycotts, marches, Gandhi's boycotts, wear traditional garb)
· Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines — Pakistan/India
Most of India was Hindu, parts were Muslim from the Mughals, East and West Pakistan were created to be a Muslim state. Eventually they split and became Pakistan and Bengal.
· Republic of India
– World’s largest democratic nation (think of the huge population!)
– Federal system, giving many powers to the states (both the US and India were owned by England. It's not that odd they are both federal too!)
Indian democracy
Jawaharlal Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, supported western-style industrialization. Nehru was the first prime minister. Gandhi was shot by a Hindu extremist. Gandhi was also Hindu but his assassin believed Gandhi was too nice to Muslims. 1950 Constitution sought to prohibit caste discrimination. Ethnic and religious differences caused problems in the development of India as a democratic nation. The subcontinent of India split into many countries due to these differences. Still it was not a bloodless split and worse there is still often violence. New economic development has helped to ease financial problems of the nation. |
SOL 14b African Decolonization
african_independence_organizer_complete_honors.pdf | |
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The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination.
Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.
Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.
The independence movement in Africa
· Right to self-determination (U.N. charter) · Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II · Pride in African cultures and heritage · Resentment of imperial rule and economic exploitation · Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War |
Examples of independence movements and subsequent development efforts
West Africa: Peaceful transition Algeria: War of Independence from France (France considered Algeria part of France) Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta South Africa: Black South Africans’ struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa |
SOL 14c Mandates and the Middle East
standard_whii_14c_notes.docx | |
File Size: | 14 kb |
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The mandate system established after World War I was phased out after World War II. With the end of the mandates, new states were created in the Middle East.
Mandates in the Middle East (review of SOL 11a)
· Established by the League of Nations · Granted independence after World War II · Resulted in Middle East conflicts created by religious differences French mandates in the Middle East · Syria · Lebanon British mandates in the Middle East · Jordan (originally Transjordan) · Palestine (a part became independent as the State of Israel) |